The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recorded $3.5 trillion in National Health Expenditures (NHE) in 2017 which accounts for 17.9% of the U.S. GDP, and projected the NHE to...
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition occurring when reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. It is classified into two subtypes: with...
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, in which helper T cells autoreactive against the thyrotropin receptor activate B cells to produce anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies....
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which a person has problems with memory, language, executive function and visuospatial skills that are noticeable to others and can be observed in...
Cystinosis is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder following the Mendelian inheritance pattern. It is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene that encodes cystinosin, a lysosomal cystine‑proton...
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disease following the Mendelian inheritance pattern. It is caused by mutations in a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 oxidase...
Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major problem throughout the world. Over 240 million people are estimated to be HBV surface antigen(sAg)-positive, with up to 25% of individuals with...
Onychomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the nail which can occur on the hands or feet, but in most western countries more commonly occurs on the toenail. The infection is mostly found in males...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection caused by variants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is normally killed by the immune system within most healthy people, but if...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disorder that can cause emphysema even without exposure to tobacco smoke. AATD is considered one of the most common genetic disease in persons of...
